What to know about adult ADHD
What is ADHD?
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health condition that can cause problems like difficulty paying attention, impulsive behavior and hyperactivity. Usually, ADHD starts in childhood and continues into adulthood. It may take a few years to properly diagnose ADHD, especially when many symptoms are similar to mental health conditions.1
What are the signs and symptoms of ADHD in adults?
Adults with ADHD might find themselves struggling to maintain healthy relationships, performing poorly in work or school, or experiencing low self-esteem. Signs of adulthood ADHD may include:1
- Trouble focusing on a task or multitasking
- Difficulty completing tasks
- Poor time management skills
- Impulsive behavior
- Mood swings or a bad temper
- Challenges following through and staying organized
ADHD in women
Adult ADHD signs and symptoms are typically the same for men and women. However, women may present unrecognized ADHD behaviors. Examples of ADHD in adult women may include:3
- Develops unhealthy self-discipline behaviors
- Makes friends easily but struggles to maintain friendships
- Stays in unhealthy relationships or clings to people
- Worries about rejection
What causes ADHD?
The cause of ADHD isn’t clear, but possible contributing factors may include:1
- Genetics. Having a parent or sibling with ADHD, or a different mental health condition could increase your own risk.
- Environment. Some environmental factors may play a role, like childhood exposure to lead or other toxins.
- Problems during development. Health issues with the central nervous system at important milestones may increase risk. For example, if your mom used alcohol or tobacco during pregnancy, or if you were born prematurely.
What are the 3 types of ADHD?
The 3 main types of ADHD are hyperactive-impulsive, inattentive and combined. Each has its own set of symptoms and patterns. ADHD symptoms can change over time, so someone could experience different types throughout their life. These 3 types of ADHD can include symptoms like:2
- Hyperactive-impulsive: Fidgeting, difficulty being quiet, talking a lot, blurting out answers or interrupting others
- Inattentive: Making careless mistakes, difficulty paying close attention, losing things or easily getting distracted
- Combined: Having symptoms of both hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive
How is adult ADHD diagnosed?
Adult ADHD diagnosis uses lots of different tools and information, like symptom checklists, ADHD rating scales, health history details and physical exams. These adult ADHD assessments take time, so one office visit usually won’t give you a diagnosis. The provider leading your evaluation may also test to rule out other health conditions, including mental health conditions like depression and anxiety.1
How is ADHD treated for adults?
Treating adult ADHD looks different for everyone. And sometimes a treatment plan can change throughout life. Treatment for adults with ADHD can include options like:1
- Medication: Stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine may help balance brain chemicals. Other medications are used if stimulants don’t work well with your body. Talk with your provider about which medication and dosage may be right for you. And always discuss the benefits and risks.
- Counseling and/or support groups: Working with a mental health provider in a 1-to-1 or group setting may help you learn about and manage your behavior, organizational skills and problem-solving skills. You might also learn ways to improve your self-esteem and important relationships.
- Lifestyle changes: Simple habits like making a task list, using reminders throughout the day and following a routine may help some people with ADHD.
How can I get tested for ADHD?
If you find yourself experiencing symptoms of ADHD, schedule a visit with your primary care provider. They’ll likely be involved in your evaluation and can help you get started.
